Basics of Organic Chemistry - A Level Chemistry

OCR H432 · 4.1.1(b)–(d)

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4.1.1(b) interpretation and use of the terms:
(i) general formula (the simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series) e.g. for an alkane: C_nH_2n+2
(ii) structural formula (the minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule) e.g. for butane: CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃ or CH₃(CH₂)₂CH₃
(iii) displayed formula (the relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them) e.g. for ethanol:
(iv) skeletal formula (the simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups) e.g. for butan-2-ol: 4.1.1(c) interpretation and use of the terms:
(i) homologous series (a series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH₂)
(ii) functional group (a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound)
(iii) alkyl group (of formula C_nH_2n+1)
(iv) aliphatic (a compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings)
(v) alicyclic (an aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains)
(vi) aromatic (a compound containing a benzene ring)
(vii) saturated (single carbon–carbon bonds only) and unsaturated (the presence of multiple carbon–carbon bonds, including C=C, C≡C and aromatic rings) 4.1.1(d) use of the general formula of a homologous series to predict the formula of any member of the series

Basics of Organic Chemistry

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