Lattice Enthalpy, Entropy & Gibbs Free Energy - A Level Chemistry

OCR H432 · 5.2.1 · 5.2.2

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5.2.1(a) explanation of the term lattice enthalpy (formation of 1 mol of ionic lattice from gaseous ions, ∆_LEH) and use as a measure of the strength of ionic bonding in a giant ionic lattice (see also 2.2.2 b–c) 5.2.1(b) use of the lattice enthalpy of a simple ionic solid (e.g. NaCl, MgCl₂) and relevant energy terms for:
(i) the construction of Born–Haber cycles
(ii) related calculations 5.2.1(c) explanation and use of the terms:
(i) enthalpy change of solution (dissolving of 1 mol of solute, ∆_solH)
(ii) enthalpy change of hydration (dissolving of 1 mol of gaseous ions in water, ∆_hydH) 5.2.1(d) use of the enthalpy change of solution of a simple ionic solid (e.g. NaCl, MgCl₂) and relevant energy terms (enthalpy change of hydration and lattice enthalpy) for:
(i) the construction of enthalpy cycles
(ii) related calculations 5.2.1(e) qualitative explanation of the effect of ionic charge and ionic radius on the exothermic value of a lattice enthalpy and enthalpy change of hydration. 5.2.2(a) explanation that entropy is a measure of the dispersal of energy in a system which is greater, the more disordered a system 5.2.2(b) explanation of the difference in magnitude of the entropy of a system:
(i) of solids, liquids and gases
(ii) for a reaction in which there is a change in the number of gaseous molecules 5.2.2(c) calculation of the entropy change of a system, ∆S, and related quantities for a reaction given the entropies of the reactants and products 5.2.2(d) explanation that the feasibility of a process depends upon the entropy change and temperature in the system, T∆S, and the enthalpy change of the system, ∆H 5.2.2(e) explanation, and related calculations, of the free energy change, ∆G, as: ∆G = ∆H – T∆S (the Gibbs’ equation) and that a process is feasible when ∆G has a negative value 5.2.2(f) the limitations of predictions made by ∆G about feasibility, in terms of kinetics.

Lattice Enthalpy, Entropy & Gibbs Free Energy

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